J-1 visas are intended for individuals participating in exchange visitor programs, while J-2 visas are for their dependents. Applicants need program sponsorship, a DS-2019 form, proof of English proficiency, and adequate health insurance. Some J-1 visa holders may be subject to a two-year home residency requirement. The visa is valid for the program duration, with extensions possible in certain categories. The application fee is $185, and the SEVIS fee is $220. The process is considered moderate in difficulty; while visa agency  assistance is generally required, it can be beneficial for waiver cases. Processing usually takes a few weeks, and the approval rate is approximately 89%.